1	Shoulder Girdle Pectoralis Minor Origin –Anterior surfaces of the 3^rd to 5^th ribs Insertion- Coracoid process Action – Protraction; abducts the scapula away from the spine and downward Depression; when the scapula is rotated upward it assists in depression Nerve – Medial pectoral
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4	Shoulder Girdle Serratus Anterior Origin – Surface of the upper 9 ribs at the side of the chest Insertion – Anterior aspect of the entire medial border of the scapula Action Protraction; draws medial border away from the vertebrae Rotation upward; longer lower fibers tends to draw the inferior angle away from the spine Nerve – Long Thoracic
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8	Shoulder Girdle Levator Scapulae Origin – Transverse process of the upper 4 cervical vertebrae Insertion – Medial border of the scapula above the spine of the scapula Action – Elevation of the shoulder girdle Nerve –Dorsal Scapular (C5 and branches of C3,C4)
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11	Shoulder Girdle Rhomboid Major and Minor Origin – Spinous processes of the last Cervical and the first 5 Thoracic vertebrae Insertion – Medial border of the Scapula, below spine Action – Adduction of the Scapula Rotation downward Elevation Nerve – Dorsal Scapular
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14	Shoulder Girdle Trapezius Origin – Upper fibers: base of skull, occipital protuberance, and posterior ligaments of the neck Middle fibers: spinous processes of C7 and upper 3 Thoracic vertebrae Lower fibers: spinous processes of T4 – T12 Insertion – Upper fibers: posterior aspect of the lateral 1/3 clavicle Middle fibers: medial border of the acromion process and upper border of scapular spine Lower fibers: triangular space at the base of the scapular spine
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17	"Trapezius (continued)" Trapezius (continued) Action Upper fibers: elevation of scapula, extension of head at cervical vertebra Middle fibers: elevation, upward rotation, and adduction of scapula Lower fibers: depression, adduction, and upward rotation of scapula Nerve- Accessory nerve (XI cranial and branches of C3 and C4)
18	Shoulder Girdle Subclavius Origin –Superior aspect of 1^st rib at its junction with the costal cartilage Insertion – Inferior groove in the mid portion of the clavicle Action – Depression, stabilization and protection of the sternoclavicular joint Nerve – C5 and C6
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24	Shoulder Joint Pectoralis Major Origin – Upper fibers: medial half of the anterior surface of the clavicle Lower fibers: anterior surfaces of the costal cartilages of the 1^st 6 ribs Adjacent portion of sternum Insertion – outer lip of the intertubercular groove of humerus
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28	"Pectoralis Major (continued)" Pectoralis Major (continued) Action – Upper fibers: internal rotation of humerus transverse adduction, flexion, adduction (below 90^o) abduction (above 90^o) Lower fibers: internal rotation, transverse adduction, extension, adduction Nerve – Upper fibers: lateral pectoral (C5, 6, 7) Lower fibers: Medial pectoral (C8, T1)
29	Shoulder Joint Coracobrachialis Origin – Coracoid process of the scapula Insertion – Middle of the medial border of the humerus Action – Flexion, Adduction, and Transverse Adduction of the glenohumeral joint Nerve – Musculocutaneous (C5,6,7)
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33	Shoulder Joint Supraspinatus Origin – Medial 2/3 of the supraspinous fossa Insertion – Superiorly on the greater tubercle of the humerus Action – Weak abduction and stabilization of the humerus in the glenoid fossa Nerve – Suprascapular (C5)
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38	Shoulder Joint Subscapularis Origin – Entire anterior surface of the subscapular fossa Insertion – Lesser tubercle of the humerus Action – Internal rotation, adduction, extension, and stabilization of the humerus in the glenoid fossa Nerve – Upper and lower subscapular
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40	Shoulder Joint Deltoid Origin – Anterior fibers: anterior lateral 1/3 of clavicle Middle fibers: Lateral aspect of the acromion Posterior fibers: inferior edge of the spine of the scapula Insertion – Deltoid tuberosity Action – Anterior fibers: abduction, flexion, transverse adduction, internal rotation; Middle fibers: abduction; Posterior fibers: abduction, extension, external rotation Nerve – Axillary (C5,6)
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42	Shoulder Joint Infraspinatus Origin – Medial aspect of the infraspinous fossa Insertion – Posteriorly on the greater tubercle Action – External rotation, transverse abduction, extension, stabilization of humeral head in glenoid fossa Nerve – Suprascapular (C5, 6)
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44	Shoulder Joint Teres Minor Origin – Posteriorly on the upper and middle border of the scapula Insertion- Posteriorly on the greater tubercle Action – external rotation, transverse abduction, extension, stabilization Nerve – Axillary (C5,6)
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46	Shoulder Joint Teres Major Origin – Posteriorly on the inferior 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula superior to the inferior angle Insertion –Medial lip of the intertubercular groove Action – Extension, internal rotation, adduction Nerve – Lower subscapular
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49	Shoulder Joint Latissimus Dorsi Origin – Posterior crest of the ilium, back of the sacrum, spinous processes of the Lumbar and lower 6 thoracic vertebrae (T6-12); slips to lower 3 ribs Insertion – Medial side of the intertubercular groove Action – Adduction, Extension, Internal rotation, transverse abduction Nerve – Thoracodorsal
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51	Shoulder Joint Biceps Brachii Origin – Long Head: supraglenoid tubercle above the superior lip of the glenoid fossa Short Head: coracoid process Insertion – Tuberosity of the radius and bicepital aponeurosis Action – Flexion of elbow, supination of forearm, weak flexion of shoulder Nerve – Musculotaneous
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54	Shoulder Joint Triceps Brachii Origin – Long head: infraglenoid tubercle Lateral head: upper ½ of the posterior surface of humerus Medial head: distal 2/3 of the posterior surface of the humerus Insertion – Olecranon process Action – Extension of elbow (all), Extension of shoulder (Long H.), adduction of shoulder (LH) Nerve – Radial Nerve
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58	Elbow and Radioulnar Joints Brachialis Origin –Distal half of the anterior portion of humerus Insertion – Coronoid process of the Ulna Action - Flexion Nerve – Musculotaneous, sometimes branches from the radial and median nerves (C5,6)
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60	Elbow and Radioulnar Joints Brachioradialis Origin – distal 2/3 of the lateral condyloid ridge of humerus Insertion – Lateral surface of the distal end of the radius at the styloid process Action – Flexion of elbow; pronation from supinated position; supination from pronated position Nerve – Radial
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62	Elbow and Radioulnar Joints Pronator Teres Origin – Distal part of the medial condyloid ridge of the humerus and medial side of the ulna Insertion – Middle 1/3 of the lateral surface of the radius Action – Pronation of the forearm; weak flexion of elbow Nerve – Median
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65	Elbow and Radioulnar Joints Pronator Quadratus Origin – Distal ¼ of the anterior side of the ulna Insertio – Distal ¼ of the anterior side of the radius Action – pronation of the forearm Nerve – Median
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67	Elbow and Radioulnar Joints Anconeus Origin – Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the humerus Insertion – Posterior surface of the olecranon process Action – Extension of the elbow Nerve – Radial
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69	Elbow and Radioulnar Joints Supinator Origin – Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and neighboring ulna Insertion – Lateral surface of the proximal radius just below the head Action - supination Nerve – Radial
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71	Elbow and Radioulnar Joints Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin – Medial epicondyle of the humerus Insertion – base of the 2^nd & 3^rd metacarpals, anterior Action – Flexion and radial flexion of wrist; weak flexion of elbow Nerve - Median
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73	Elbow and Radioulnar Joints Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin – Medial epicondyle of the humerus; posterior aspect of the proximal ulna Insertion – Pisiform, hamate, and base of the fifth metacarpal (palm side) Action – Flexion, Ulnar flexion of wrist, Weak flexion of elbow Nerve – Ulna
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76	Elbow and Radioulnar Joints Palmaris Longus Origin – Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion – Palmar aponeurosis of the 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, and 5^th metacarpals Action – Flexion of wrist; weak flexion of elbow Nerve - Median
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78	Elbow and Radioulnar Joints Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Origin – Lateral epicondyle of humerus; Middle 2/3 of the posterior border of the Ulna Insertion – Base of 5^th metacarpal (Dorsal) Action – Extension, Ulnar flexion of wrist; weak extension of elbow Nerve – Radial
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80	Elbow and Radioulnar Joints Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Origin – Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion – Base of 3^rd metacarpal (dorsal) Action – Extension and Ulnar flexion of wrist; weak extension of elbow Nerve - Radial
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83	Elbow and Radioulnar Joints Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Origin – Lower 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus, and lateral epicondyle Insertion – base of 2^nd metacarpal (dorsal) Action – Extension, Ulnar flexion of wrist; weak extension of elbow Nerve – Radial
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85	Fingers and Thumb Extensor Digitorum Origin – Lateral Epicondyle of humerus Insertion – Four Tendons to bases of middle and distal phalanges of fingers 2 to 5 Action – Extension of 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, & 5^th fingers Nerve - Radial
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88	Fingers and Thumb Extensor digiti minimi Origin – Lateral Epicondyle of the humerus Insertion – Base of the middle and distal phalanges of 5^th finger Action – Extension of little finger; weak wrist extension Nerve - Radial
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90	Fingers and Thumb Extensor Indicis Origin – Middle to distal 1/3 of the posterior ulna Insertion – Base of the middle and distal phalanges of the 2^nd finger Action – Extension of the index finger at metacarpal phalangeal joint; weak wrist flexion Nerve - Radial
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92	Fingers and Thumb Flexor Digitorum Profundus Origin – Proximal ¾ of the anterior and medial ulna Insertion – Base of the distal phalanges of fingers 2 to 5 Action – Flexion of the four fingers at the metacarpal phalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints Nerve - Median to 2^nd and 3^rd fingers; Ulnar to 4^th and 5^th fingers
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94	Fingers and Thumb Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Origin – Medial Epicondyle of the humerus; Ulnar head: Medial Coronoid process; Radial Head: upper 2/3 of anterior border of the radius. Insertion – Sides of the middle phalanx of the four fingers (Palm side) Action – Flexion of the fingers at the metacarpal phalangeal joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints; Weak elbow flexion Nerve - Median
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96	Fingers and Thumb Flexor Pollicis Longus Origin – Middle anterior surface of the radius, and anterior medial border of the ulna just distal to the coronoid process Insertion – Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb Action – Flexion of the thumb; flexion of the wrist Nerve - Median
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98	Fingers and Thumb Extensor Pollicis Longus Origin – Posterior lateral surface of the lower middle Ulna Insertion – Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb (dorsal) Action – Extension of the thumb; extension of wrist Nerve - Radial
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101	Fingers and Thumb Extensor Pollicis Brevis Origin – Posterior surface of the lower middle radius Insertion – Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb (dorsal) Action – Extension of the thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint; weak extension wrist Nerve - Radial
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103	Fingers and Thumb Abductor Pollicis Longus Origin – Posterior aspect of the radius and midshaft of the ulna Insertion – Action – Base of the first metacarpal (dorsal) Nerve – Radial
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