1	Lower Extremities
2	Hip Iliacus Origin: Inner Surface of the Ilium Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of the femur and the shaft below Action: Hip flexion; External rotation of the femur at the hip Nerve: Lumbar nerve and femoral nerve
3
4
5
6	Hip Psoas major and minor Origin: Lower borders of the transverse processes (L1-5), sides of the bodies of the last Thoracic vertebrae (T12), the lumbar vertebrae (L1-5), intervertebral fibrocartilages, base of sacrum Insertion: Major – Lesser Trochanter and the shaft below; Minor - Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminance Action: Flexion and external rotation of the femur at the hip Nerve: Lumbar and femoral
7
8
9	Hip Sartorius Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Anterior medial condyle of the tibia Action: Flexion of the hip; flexion of the knee; External rotation of the thigh at the hip Nerve: Femoral
10
11
12	Hip Pectineus Origin: 1 inch space on the front of the pubis just above the crest Insertion: Rough line leading from the lesser trochanter down to the linea aspers Action: Flexion, adduction, internal rotation at hip Nerve: Femoral
13
14	Hip Rectus Femoris Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine and groove above acetabulum Insertion: Superior aspect of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity Action: Flexion of the hip; Extension of knee Nerve: Femoral
15
16	Hip Tensor Fasciae latae Origin: Anterior iliac crest and surface of ilium just below the crest Insertion: ¼ of the way down the thigh into the iliotibial tract, which in turn inserts on the anterolateral tibial condyle Action: Abduction, flexion and tendency for internal rotation of hip as it flexes Nerve: Superior gluteal
17
18
19	Hip Six deep external rotators: Piriformis, superior and inferior gemellus, external and internal Obturator, quadratus femoris Origin: Anterior Sacrum, posterior portions of the ischium, and obturator foramen Insertion: Superior and posterior aspect of the Greater trochanter Action: external rotation of the hip
20
21
22	"Nerve:" Nerve: Piriformis, 1^st and 2^nd Sacral (S1-2); Gemellus superior, sacral nerve (L5, S1-2); Gemellus inferior, sacral plexus (L4-5, S1-2) Obturator externus, obturator n. Obturator internus, sacral plexus (L4-5, S1-2) Quadratus femoris, sacral plexus (L4-5, S1-2)
23
24	Hip Gluteus Maximus Origin: Posterior ¼ of the crest of the ilium, posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx near the ilium and lumbodorsal fascia Insertion: Oblique ridge on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter, and the iliotibial band of the fascia latae Action: Extension, external rotation of the hip; lower fibers assist with adduction Nerve: inferior gluteal
25
26
27	Hip Semitendinosis Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: upper anterior medial surface of tibia Action: Extension of hip, flexion of knee, internal rotation of hip and knee. Nerve: Sciatic nerve – tibial division (L5, S1-2)
28
29	Hip Semimembranosis Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Posteromedial surface of medial tibial condyle Action: Extension of hip, flexion of knee, internal rotation of hip and knee. Nerve: Tibial
30
31	Hip Biceps Femoris Origin: Long head – Ischial tuberosity; short head – lower half of the linea aspera and lateral condyloid ridge Insertion: Lateral condyle of the tibia and head of the fibula Action: Extension, external rotation of hip; Flexion, external rotation of knee. Nerve: LH- Sciatic- Tibial division; SH- Sciatic- Peroneal division
32
33
34
35	Hip Adductor Brevis Origin: Front of the inferior pubic ramus just below origin of longus Insertion: Lower 2/3 of the pectineal line of the femur and the upper half of the medial lip of the linea aspera Action: Adduction, external rotation of hip Nerve: Obturator
36
37
38	Hip Adductor longus Origin: Anterior pubis just below its crest Insertion: Middle 1/3 of the linea aspera Action: Adduction and assists with flexion of the hip Nerve: obturator
39
40
41	Hip Adductor Magnus Origin: Edge of the entire ramus of the pubis and the ischium, and ishial tuberosity Insertion: Whole length of the linea aspera, inner condyloid ridge and adductor tubercle Action: adduction of the hipand external rotation as the hip adducts Nerve: anterior fibers – obturator; posterior fibers - sciatic
42
43
44
45	Hip Gracilis Origin: anteromedial edge of the descending ramus of the pubis Insertion: Anterior medial surface of the tibia below the condyle Action: Adduction and internal rotation of the hip; flexion of the knee Nerve: Obturator
46
47
48	Hip Gluteus Medius Origin: Lateral surface of the ilium just below the crest Insertion: Posterior and middle surfaces of the greater trochanter Action: Abduction of the hip; posterior fibers – external rotation; anterior fibers – internal rotation Nerve: Superior gluteal
49
50	Hip Gluteus Minimus Origin: Lateral surface of the ilium just below the origin of the gluteus medius Insertion: Anterior surface of the greater trochanter Action: Abduction and internal rotation Nerve: Suprior gluteal
51
52	Knee Rectus Femoris Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine and superior margin of the acetabulum Insertion: Superior aspect of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity Action: Flexion of the hip; Extension of the knee Nerve: Femoral
53
54
55
56	Knee Vastus Lateralis Origin: Intertrochanteric line, ant. & inf. Borders of the greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, upper ½ of the linea aspera, and entire lateral intermuscular septum Insertion: lateral border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity Action: Extension of the knee Nerve: Femoral
57
58	Knee Vastus Medialis Origin: Whole length of the linea aspera and medial condyloid ridge Insertion: Medial half of the border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity Action: Extension of knee Nerve: Femoral
59	Knee Vastus intermedius Origin: Upper 2/3 of the anterior surface of the femur Insertion: Upper border of the patella and patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity Action: Extension of the knee Nerve: Femoral
60
61	Knee Popliteus Origin: Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur Insertion: Upper posterior medial surface of the tibia Action: Flexion, internal rotation of the knee Nerve: Tibial
62
63	Knee Gastrocnemius Origin: Medial head- posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle; Lateral head – posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle Insertion: Posterior surface of the calcaneus Action: Plantar flexion of the ankle; flexion of the knee Nerve: Tibial
64
65	Ankle and Foot Soleus Origin: Posterior Surface of the proximal Fibula and proximal 2/3 of the posterior tibia Insertion: Posterior surface of the calcaneus (Achilles Tendon) Action: Plantar flexioin Nerve: Tibial
66
67	Ankle and Foot Peroneus Longus Origin: Head and upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula Insertion: Undersurfaces of the medial cuneirform and first metatarsal bones Action: Eversion of the foot (subtalar joint); plantar flexion at the ankle Nerve: Superficial Peroneal
68
69	Ankle and Foot Peroneus Brevis Origin: Lower 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula Insertion: Tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal Action: Eversion of the foot (subtalar joint); plantar flexion at the ankle Nerve: Superficial Peroneal
70
71	Ankle and Foot Peroneus Tertius Origin: Distal 1/3 of the anterior fibula Insertion: Base of the fifth metatarsal Action:Eversion of the foot (subtalar joint); plantar flexion at the ankle Nerve: Deep Peroneal
72
73	Ankle and Foot Extensor Digitorum Longus Origin: Lateral condyle of the tibia, head of the fibula, and upper 2/3 of the anterior surface of the fibula Insertion: Tops of the middle and distal phalanges of the four lesser toes. Action: Extension of the toes 2-5; Dorsal Flexion of the ankle; Eversion of the foot (subtalar joint) Nerve: Deep peroneal
74
75	Ankle and Foot Extensor Hallucis Longus Origin: Middle 2/3 of the medial surface of the anterior fibula Insertion: Basee of the distal phalanx of the great toe Action: Dorsiflexion of the ankle; Extension of the great toe; Weak inversion of the subtalar joint Nerve: Deep peroneal
76
77	Ankle and Foot Tibialis Anterior Origin: Upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the tibia Insertion: Inner surface of the medial cuneiform and the first metatarsal Action: Dorsiflexion of the ankle; inversion of the subtalar joint Nerve: Deep peroneal
78
79	Ankle and Foot Tibialis Posterior Origin: Posterior surface of the upper ½ of the interosseus membrane and adjacent surfaces of the tibia and fibula Insertion: Lower inner surfaces of the navicular and cunieform bones, and basees of the 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 5^th metatarsal bones Action: Plantar flexion of the ankle; Inversion of the subtalar joint Nerve: Tibial
80
81	Ankle and Foot Flexor Digitorum Longus Origin: Middle 1/3 of the posterior surface of the tibia Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of each of the toes 2-5 Action: Flexion of the toes; Plantar flexion of the ankle; Inversion of the subtalar joint Nerv: Tibial
82
83	Ankle and Foot Flexor Hallicus Longus Origin: Middle 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of the big toe Action: Flexion of the great toe; Plantar flexion of the ankle; Inversion of the subtalar joint Nerve: Tibial
84
85